Effects of the medicine may alter by the Distinct Human Mutations. Every person has a unique DNA sequence. In a new study published in the scientific journal Cell, they look at certain receptors (GPCRs) in human cells. These protein receptors are the main targets of the biggest group of marketed modern medicine.
By mining existing data sets, they have mapped the extent to which mutations occur within GPCR drug targets in individuals and studied what impact these mutations could have on the therapeutic effect of medicine.
“We estimate that an average of 3 percent of the population have receptors that contain mutations that can alter the effect of medicine,” says first author Alexander Hauser from the Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology at the University of Copenhagen.
“This might mean that the medicine simply works less efficiently. It can also mean that the medicine does not work at all, or causes adverse effects on patients,” adds Madan Babu from the MRC Lab of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, where Hauser conducted this research.
The researchers have analysed the mutations in human GPCRs by using whole genome sequencing data from the 1,000 Genomes project with about 2,500 participants, as well as exome data from the ExAC project with over 60,000 participants. They then used structural data to infer critical sites in GPCRs to uncover which mutations are more likely to alter the outcome of medicine.
DEEPER INSIGHTS
The researchers use their findings and sales data for the 279 GPCR-relevant drugs from the National Health Service in the U.K. to estimate how much money is spent on medicine with little or no effect. As a conservative estimate, they find the economic burden on the U.K. National Health Service to be at least £14 million annually, taking into account the number of people with mutations in both copies of the gene in important sites of the receptor target.
“The prevalence and potential impact of variation in drug response between individuals is a strong argument for further researching this field. It also constitutes a fine example of why personalised medicine might be the way forward; even when we are talking about common drugs,” says Hauser.
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